For My Final Research Paper #4

Summary



In “The Colors of Anger, Envy, Fear and Jealousy” (Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 28 No. 2, 1997), Ralph B. Hupka., Z, Zbigniew., Otto, J. and Nadia V. Tarabrina examined color emotions such as anger, envy, fear and jealousy which have more differences than similarities depend on culture. The authors explained those for emotions are divided into mostly five colors; black, red, green, yellow and purple which are affected by phenomena and synesthesia. The author quoted that “the color-emotion associations were not due predominately to hue, but to the degree of saturation and brightness of color” (Osgood, 1960) to define the colors which express emotions are not only five, but also brightness of the colors. Moreover, the authors claimed that there are basic color emotions in general, but in fact, they have many differences in gender, languages and cultures by examined surveys in Germany, Mexico, Poland, Russia and the United States.

Critique


This article was written by four authors about different color emotions. There were some graphs about the result of survey in different culture. However, I wondered they did not do the survey in Asia. If they did it, there were more clear differences of cross-cultural color emotions, and they could persuade the readers. In addition, I thought they did not need to write about languages such as verbs because although people use different languages in the world, colors are common in the world. The connection was ambiguous.

For My Final Research Paper #3

Summary

In “The Psychophysics of Color” (Color Categories in Thought and Language, 1997), Jameson, K. and Roy G. D’Andrade argued that Hering’s theory which contains opponent processes of color is not completely true and do not fit for many color spaces. Also, the authors discussed about Berlin and Kay’s perceptual fundamentals, “basic colors segregate well not because they are universally named but because they are well separated in color space” (Berlin and Kay, 1990: 1985, pp313). The authors explained that there are three-dimensional spaces in color; cardinal axes of space such as light and dark, LGN named form lateral geniculate nucleus that contains basis of purity and uniqueness of colors, and history of color development. Therefore, in this chapter, Aoki pointed out that there are three similarities of color scaling such as Thurtonian scaling, ratio judgments and interval judgments. However, he also mentioned that there are some differences in oriental colors because they have different views of opposite colors in terms of relationship, appearance and visual. To sum up, in this chapter, Jameson, K. and Roy G. D’Andrade stated that opponent colors are not able to be said the same all the time because they have many differences depend on theories.

Critique

This chapter’s title “It’s not really red, green, yellow, blue: an inquiry into perceptual color space” was very good in the content because I understood that we can say “red” or ”blue” in one word, but they have many differences by how we recognize them. There were some people, who argued opponent colors by having their theories with explanations, so the evidences were quite clear. The chapter was divided into some sub-topics, however, the connection between them does not have unity. In addition, sometimes sentences did not have any definition of abbreviation. Although, there were some charts to make the ideas easier to understand, they made me confused to understand all the better because they explained only about nanometer in scientific way.

for My Final Research Paper #2

In “The Psychophysics of Color” (Color Categories in Thought and Language, 1997), C. L. Hardin and Maffi, L. stated that there are two different ways in Hering’s theory to divide colors into categories; chromatic such as violet, red, yellow and orange considered as mixed colors, and achromatic such as black, white and grey. In addition, the authors founded that there are six elemental colors in Hering’s theory. They explained that red, green, blue, yellow, white and black are the six elemental colors according to Hering, but Jameson and Hurvich who described color saturation (1959) noted that there are only four color terms; blue, green, yellow and red. In addition, the authors argued that Sternheim and Boynton pointed out the necessary of colors such as purple because it is made from two elemental colors, red and blue. Also, in terms of saturation, C. L. Hardin and Maffi, L. pointed that Sewall and Wooten suggested there are two fields of contrast, a broadband and a surrounding ring. In addition, according to Ludman (1883), nonelemental colors such as brown, purple and pink are not elemental colors, but they are made from the six element colors. Yet, Gordon and Abramov (1988) stated that elemental colors might not be completed because they also can divide into “fundamental neural responses” (Kay and McDaniel, 1978, pp84) which means exactly six colors, “composite categories” (Kay and McDaniel, 1978, pp84) which means less than six colors, and “derived categories” (Kay and McDaniel, 1978, pp84) which means more than six colors. To sum up, C. L. Hardin and Maffi, L. included that Regan said “the relationship between color mechanism and color categories is somewhat distant” (Regan, 1987, pp86).

for My Final Research Paper #1

My final research paper topic is "Color Psychology". I would like to talk about how do colors affect people and why???

In “Emotional Reactions” (Color Psychology and Color Therapy, 1961), Birren, F. discussed that color involves in psychics in terms of moods, feelings, sounds, taste and smell which are explained by some scientists. Dr. Maria Rickers-Ovsiankina explained that people can be divided by two color aspect characters, warm for positive sides and cold for negative sides. In addition, N. A. Wells and Dr. Robert R. Ross focused on color association differences such as definitions, emotions and images. Moreover, Brighouse, G.. showed color responses human body by observing bright colors. J. P. Guilford discussed connection between psychology of color and organism. Above all, Goldstein, K. states that “Specific color stimulation is accompanied by a specific response pattern of the entire organism” (Goldstein, K., 1961, pp146-145), and he said that two categories of color lights, warm and cool, influence environments such as offices and restaurants. From different views, according to some investigators, there were a connection between color and sound, called rob and cone visions. Also, in S. V. Kravkov’s theory, sound affects color by eyes because sensibility of ears changes by spectrums. Besides, Allen, F. and Schwartz, M. argued that color affects taste and smell because there are some scientific aspects; red color increase blood pressure, and blue decrease it.

In “Neurotics and Psychotics” (Color Psychology and Color Therapy, 1961), Birren, F. stated that color connects neuron and psychology related to lights. Deutsch emphasized blood pressure is affected by color, and color affects patients a lot because of their color images and emotions. Also, he stated that all emotional reactions from active sides make blood conditions and action of feelings and emotions.

Hello, everyone in Lindsey's class!!! My name is Haruna. This is my 5th session in YUELI because I came here in March...I'm studying here for my university's program, but I'm going back to Japan soon...the end of December...so, I hope I can enjoy this course and have a good time with my friends!!!